https://doi.org/10.25678/000DFR

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Data for: Evaporation controls contact-dependent bacterial killing during surface-associated growth

Many bacteria employ contact-dependent killing mechanisms, which require direct physical contact with a target cell, to gain an advantage over competitors. Here, we hypothesize that evaporation-induced fluid flows determine the number of contacts between attacking and target cells, thus controlling killing efficacy. To test this, we experimentally manipulated the strength of the coffee ring effect (CRE) and measured the consequences on killing mediated by the type VI secretion system (T6SS). The CRE is caused by evaporation-induced fluid flows that move water and cells from the center to the periphery of a liquid droplet, consequently concentrating cells at the periphery. We found that the CRE significantly increases the number of contacts between attacking (Vibrio cholerae) and target (Escherichia coli) cells and enhances the ability of V. cholerae to kill and out-compete E. coli. We corroborated our findings with individual-based computational simulations and demonstrated that increased cell densities at the droplet periphery caused by the CRE increase killing. We further found that the T6SS firing rate, lethal hit threshold, and lysis delay significantly affect killing when the CRE is strong. Our results underscore the importance of evaporation-induced fluid flows in shaping bacterial interactions and controlling competitive outcomes.

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Author	Johnson, David Han, Miao Ruan, Chujin
Keywords	Microbial Interactions,spatial organization,contact-dependent killing,evaporation
Variables	bacteria_abundance concentration fluorescence
Substances (scientific names)	None
Substances (generic terms)	None
Taxa (scientific names)	Escherichia coli Vibrio cholerae
Organisms (generic terms)	bacteria
Systems	lab
Timerange	2024 TO 2025
Review Level	domain specific
Curator	Johnson, David
Contact	Johnson, David <David.Johnson@eawag.ch>
DOI	10.25678/000DFR